Ovarian Stimulation and Egg Retrieval

The journey begins with ovarian stimulation to produce multiple mature eggs, which are then retrieved via a minimally invasive procedure.

Fertilization

The retrieved eggs are fertilised with sperm in the laboratory, using either conventional IVF or Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI).

Embryo Development

The fertilised eggs develop into embryos over several days (typically 3-5 days).

Biopsy of Embryos

A few cells are carefully removed from each embryo in a process called embryo biopsy. This step is performed at specific developmental stages, such as the blastocyst stage (day 5 or 6).

Genetic Analysis

The biopsied cells are sent to a specialized genetics laboratory, where they undergo genetic testing to identify chromosomal abnormalities or specific gene mutations.

Embryo Selection and Transfer

Based on the results, the embryologist and fertility specialist select the healthiest embryos for transfer, increasing the chances of a successful pregnancy.

Types of PGT and What They Screen For

There are different types of PGT, each designed to detect specific genetic issues:

PGT-A (Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy)

Screens for chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomies (e.g., Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome). It’s commonly used for women of advanced maternal age or couples with recurrent pregnancy loss.

PGT-M (Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic Disorders)

Identifies specific gene mutations associated with inherited genetic disorders, such as cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, or sickle cell anemia.