Antioxidant properties: One of the primary reasons for investigating melatonin in fertility treatment is its potent antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s ability to neutralize them with antioxidants, can have detrimental effects on reproductive health. High levels of oxidative stress can damage sperm and eggs, leading to reduced fertility or infertility. Melatonin acts as a powerful antioxidant, helping to protect the reproductive cells from oxidative damage.

Ovulation and menstrual cycle regulation: Melatonin is known to affect the secretion of other hormones, including those involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and ovulation. It has been suggested that melatonin may help regulate the release of gonadotropins, which are hormones that play a key role in stimulating ovulation and controlling the menstrual cycle in women.

Improving egg quality: In some studies, melatonin supplementation has been associated with improvements in egg quality in women undergoing fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). Better egg quality can lead to an increased likelihood of successful embryo development and implantation.

Sperm health: Melatonin may also have a positive impact on sperm health. Some research suggests that melatonin supplementation in men with certain fertility issues, such as poor sperm motility or high levels of ROS in sperm, may lead to improvements in sperm parameters.

Sleep and stress regulation: Adequate sleep and reduced stress are important factors for reproductive health. Melatonin, being involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle, may indirectly influence fertility by promoting better sleep patterns. Additionally, melatonin’s ability to reduce stress and anxiety levels could have a beneficial impact on overall reproductive health.