Sperm harvesting is entirely different from a diagnostic testicular biopsy because, in this setting, the goal is not to identify what is happening in the testis but instead it is to find sperm.
This may involve a simple aspiration for men who have a blockage or require much more extensive sampling of the testis for men who have a sperm production problem.
Very few tests allow for an accurate prediction of whether or not sperm will be found in the testes of men with testicular problems. Typically genetic testing, hormonal studies and testicular ultrasound are performed before planning surgical sperm collection.
In many cases, sperm can be collected in advance and frozen for future use. This can help provide clarity before starting an IVF cycle, particularly as sperm retrieval is not always successful. Having sperm available ahead of time allows you to make informed decisions about your treatment pathway.
How does the procedure work?
There are several techniques used to retrieve sperm, depending on the underlying cause:
• PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration) – a fine needle is used to collect sperm from the epididymis
• TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration) – sperm is collected directly from the testicle using a needle
• TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction) – a small tissue sample is taken from the testicle to search for sperm
Your specialist will recommend the most appropriate approach for you.
Are there any risks?
Surgical sperm collection is generally safe, but as with any procedure, there are some risks to be aware of:
• Bruising or bleeding (haematoma)
• Infection
• Scarring within the testicle
• Temporary changes in testosterone levels
These risks are uncommon, and your care team will discuss them with you and take steps to minimise them.
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